Perspective, Challenges, and Future Directions Despite the promising roles of glutamine deprivation strategies and supplementation in cancer therapy, several challenges persist, including the need for a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic adaptation of cancer cells, personalized delivery methods, and identifying patient subgroups likely to benefit the most (Figure 3 and Figure 4)
PMCID: PMC11646169
Additionally, catalpol activates the Osteopontin/phosphorylation-insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (p-IGFR)/mTOR signaling axis, promoting the vitality, migration, and axonal growth of SH-SY5Y cells following OGD/reoxygenation injury, contributing to neuronal protection, nerve cell migration, and axonal regeneration under ischemic and hypoxic conditions (Liu Y
doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.05.012 15 TumminiaAVinciguerraFParisiMFrittittaL
J., and Holden, K
Warning: Pregnant or lactating women, diabetics, hypoglycemic and people with known medical conditions and/or taking drugs, should consult with a licensed physician and/or pharmacist to taking dietary supplements