The main species used for tobacco production are Nicotiana tabacum , known only from cultivation, and Nicotiana rustica , native to south-west Ecuador and Bolivia
E-liquid manufacturing in the UK and EU are regulated by law, minimising non-compliance and 'raising the bar' across the board for safety
Individual differences in receptor sensitivity mean some peoples brains respond less dramatically to nicotine stimulation
Making nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) available free of charge to all those enrolled in smoking cessation programmes, would help ensure that the two-thirds of smokers who want to quit get the support they need. However, the Irish Vape Vendors Association (IVVA) said, in order to reduce the amount of death and disease caused by smoking, harm reduction policies such as those recently introduced in Britain must be considered
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The choice facing the EU is clear: continue on the current path and miss the 2040 target by a century, or course-correct and use data-driven innovation to get there decades earlier