They still do deliver nicotine, but without burning tobacco, which is what produces the toxins in regular smoke
A study on small airway organotypic cells revealed that IQOS exposure induced lower cytotoxicity, lower secretion of proinflammatory mediators, and fewer transient perturbations in gene expression than CS exposure 64
The income variable has a mean of 12.91 (SD=14.41)
Its important to forgive ourselves when we make mistakes and learn from them, rather than punish ourselves for them
This limits the generalizability of our findings across all tobacco users
Summary Keywords smoking, prevention, adolescents, norms, social influence, social networks, moderation analysis, low and middle-income countries Citation Murray JM, Snchez-Franco SC, Sarmiento OL, Kimbrough EO, Tate C, Montgomery SC, Kumar R, Dunne L, Ramalingam A, Krupka EL, Montes F, Zhou H, Moore L, Bauld L, Llorente B, Kee F and Hunter RF (2025) Moderators of peer influence effects for adolescents smoking and vaping norms and outcomes in high and middle-income settings