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Unlike other types of chewing tobacco, twist tobacco isn't always a sweetened product, and may be devoid of molasses

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For instance, EC aerosol exposure disrupted oral microbial balance by inhibiting the growth of commensal Streptococcus species ( S

Smoking-induced microbial dysbiosis impacts multiple anatomical sites, including the oral cavity, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal system, driving disease progression through mechanisms such as immune modulation, chronic inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation

A new scientific review by cardiologists Silvio Festinese and Dimitris Richter argues that combustion remains the key issue for cardiovascular harm

PMC 11225172