PR = 2.12 [1.932.41] for 45-year-olds and PR = 1.72 [1.502.05] for 65-year-olds), meaning the inverse age gradient in non-daily smoking became more pronounced over time (e.g
However, the risk of bronchitis and complications can be reduced by not smoking and by getting flu shots to reduce the risk of getting the flu, which can lead to acute bronchitis
Underlining the different puffing behavior of e-cigarettes and cigarettes, our findings concerning average puff volume, puff frequency, as well as average flow and peak flow per puff were significantly higher for all e-cigarettes than for the cigarette
However, much more could be done to increase smoking cessation, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) since most of the smokers are located in LMICs 4
Think Dietrich or Garbo
Caruso M, Distefano A, Emma R, Zuccarello P, Copat C, Ferrante M, et al