This includes documenting current, former, or never-smoking status, type of tobacco product (traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes), quantifying pack-years, and evaluating secondhand smoke exposure
"snuff, n. meanings, etymology and more | Oxford English Dictionary"
Apple (EG) flavored hookah tobacco Benzyl propionate, isomenthol acetate, 2-heptyl-1,3-dioxane, ethyl vanillin, 2-hexenol acetate, caproic acid (health hazard) 31 , and (E) -anethole
Cigarette numbers and per capita consumption from The Tobacco Atlas: Archived March 25, 2019, at the Wayback Machine "Nicotine, Tar, and Co Content of Domestic Cigarettes"
The search employed combinations of the following keywords: cigarette, microbiome, dysbiosis, cancer, systemic diseases, COPD, periodontal disease, and diabetes
Additionally, the researchers found hookah smoking to heighten arterial stiffness to a degree comparable with the damage caused by smoking one traditional cigarette