pregnant women, smokeless tobacco users, light smokers, adolescents (Fiore, et al) Two categories of pharmaceutical options: Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) Non-nicotine replacement therapy Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) Non-prescription available over-the-counter Nicotine Patch Nicotine Lozenges Nicotine Gum Nicotine Inhalers Provide nicotine to reduce withdrawal symptoms Take between 1-4 hours to reach maximum blood levels (unlike cigarettes, 7 seconds) Do not cause sudden boost to nicotine blood levels (prevents addiction to product) Dose depends on habits of the smoker but is reduced over a 12 week period Non-nicotine Therapy Bupropion Hydrochloride (Zyban) Also marketed as the anti-depressant medication Wellbutrin Presumed to alleviate cravings associated with nicotine withdrawal affecting noradrenaline and dopamine Varenicline Tartrate (Champix) Targets nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to decrease cravings and withdrawal Clonidine & Nortriptyline Second-line medications used in smoking cessation All of these medications require a prescription Counselling Intensive intervention that last a minimum of 10 minutes Commonly conducted by nurses in various health-care settings Motivational Interviewing Directive and client-centred standard counselling techniques Stages of Change theory Alternative Therapies No clinical evidence to verify results from these treatments Some clients/patients report that they are beneficial (Fiore, et al., 2008) Self-help Most smokers want to quit on their own Self-help material should be provided Based on the health behaviour change model Tailored to specific population Commonly used resources One Step at a Time smoking cessation guide (Canadian Cancer Society) Smokers Helpline Phone Counselling Online Self-help Tips, tools & support Text messaging Supportive messages Benefits of Quitting Its never too late to quit smoking and experience the benefits Immediate Rewards: Improved health Stop worrying about quitting Food will taste better Set a good example for children Improved sense of smell Have healthier babies and children Feel better about yourself Feel better physically Breath, home and car will smell better Reduce wrinkling/aging of skin Key Points Smoking causes many chronic illnesses and death Nurses play an important role in helping patients/clients to quit smoking There are effective treatment options to help people quit smoking There are considerable immediate and long-term benefits to smoking cessation
What groups or places in the community are problematic or make it harder
2 Prevalence of current smoking for men (a) and women (b) aged 15 to 29 years old (age-standardized) in 2017
The new plan doesnt include new taxes on tobacco in 2024
He even wore a straw hat similar to Robaina
Antiviral therapy may also help prevent or shorten outbreaks
