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3.6.1 Reinforcement learning Reinforcement-Learning (RL) algorithms can continuously adapt message type, timing, and channel to optimize outcomes such as medication adherence, physical-activity minutes, or other target health behaviors (181183)

Mild nicotine dependence displayed more structural brain alternations than the heavy nicotine dependence and is attributed to the intensified neuroplasticity, a neural adaptation the adolescent brain undergoes against brain atrophy (79)

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The start of 2026 saw tobacco taxes increase in states like Hawaii, Minnesota and Maine