However, with federal regulation of e-cigarettes in place and an uncertain future as many remain under premarket review, some vape shops are now shifting to smoke shops (that sell both vape products and other tobacco products and accessories), diversifying their offerings to include a variety of tobacco products and (un- or under-regulated) cannabis-based products as well as kratom, as well as a growing their online retail segment, which can undermine federal, state and local restrictions on product sales in the retail environment, including youth access
Archived from the original on January 28, 2026
Other significant conditions and factors are summarized in Table 4
The risks of NVPs include: 100, 101 unknown long-term health effects intentional and accidental poisoning acute nicotine toxicity, injuries, burns and lung injury dual use with continued smoking 102 greater long-term exposure to nicotine than the use of other smoking cessation measures 103 diversion leading to use by non-smokers acting as a gateway to tobacco use the potential to promote nicotine use and re-normalise smoking among those who do not smoke, especially young people 104 Nicotine exposure can harm adolescent brain development 104 potential medicolegal risks for prescribers
& Waller, R
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