12-15 How applicable these data are now, with IQOS on the market, is debatable, as they likely captured early adopters and are plagued by misclassification from respondents confusing HTPs with e-cigarettes
High formaldehyde concentration in cafes offering fruit-flavored tobacco can be attributed to these chemical compounds
Children and infants exposed to environmental tobacco smoke have an increased risk of developing: Chronic respiratory symptoms, including asthma, decreased lung function and lower respiratory tract infections
For cigarettes, packaging has also become more important over time as advertising, via media such as television and radio, becomes restricted 22,24
For instance, Lewit and Coate (1982), using the 1976 National Health Interview Survey, reported an estimated price elasticity of -0.42
Procedures such as septoplasty or turbinate reduction can help widen the nasal passages and improve airflow