There are some quality measures (i.e, testing for chemicals, consistency) within the industry but nothing close to regulations
Hospitalization was required for pneumonia, congestive heart failure, disorientation, seizures and hypotension in these voluntary reports
Philip Morris claims this cuts users exposure to the carcinogens created when tobacco is burned, and that it could save the lives of smokers
Gaertner RR, Trpeski L, Johnson KC (2004) A casecontrol study of occupational risk factors for bladder cancer in Canada
The batteries also can lack a hollow center core that would allow gas to escape slowly
Niloy Bose and Scott Adams study the fundamental differences between smokers and non-smokers with research published in the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization and featured on the Harvard Business Reviews Stats blog