, L-
Systematic IUPAC Name: (4S)-4-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-3-carboxy-1-[[(2S)-3-carboxy-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-methylpropyl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-5-oxopentanoic acid Purity & Quality Our BPC-157 is provided at research-grade purity, suitable for laboratory applications and experimental protocols
References Altun, I
Copper deficiency compromises cuproenzyme function, causing mitochondrial dysfunction (via impaired CCO), reduced antioxidant defense (via SOD downregulation), and structural defects (via reduced LOX activity leading to fibrosis)
Abbreviations 4EBP1: 4E-binding protein 1 AcCoA: Acetyl coenzyme A ACC: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase ATF3: Activating transcription factor 3 ATF4: Activating transcription factor 4 AP1: Activator protein-1 AGEs: Advanced glycation end products AOPP: Advanced oxidation protein products AFB1: Aflatoxin B1 AD: Alzheimer's disease ACLT: Anterior cruciate ligament transection ATM: Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated ACLY: ATP citrate lyase CaMKK: Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase CaMKKb: Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase beta CAMKK2: Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase II CR: Calorie restriction CRMs: Calorie restriction mimetics CIT: Cap-independent translation CAT: Catalase CLS: Chronological lifespan DSS: Dextran sodium sulfate dTOR: Drosophila TOR homolog ETC: Electron transport chain eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase eEF2k: Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase FeNCPs: Fe-5,5-azosalicylic acid nanoscale coordination polymer FKBP-12: FK506-binding protein GLP-1: Glucagon-like-peptide-1 GLUT 1-14: Glucose transporters GTPCH-1: GTP Cyclohydrolase 1 GAP: GTPase-activating protein Hsp90: Heat-shock protein 90 HFD: High-fat diet HMGB1: High-mobility group box 1 HAT: Histone acetyltransferase HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance HIF-1 : Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 HIF-1: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor 1 ICAM-1: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 IRS1 KO: IRS1 knockout LPL: Lipoprotein lipase LKB1: Liver kinase B1 mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin mTORC1: Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 or mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 MAP1S: Microtubule-associated protein 1S TFAM: Mitochondrial transcription factor A MCP-1: Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 NOX: NADPH oxidase NAD + : Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NMN: Nicotinamide mononucleotide NAMPT: Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase NO: Nitric oxide NLRP3: NLR family pyrin-domain-containing-3 NSCLC: Non-small cell lung cancer NRF: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor OCT: Organic cation transporter OS: Oxidative stress OCR: Oxygen consumption rate PPAR-: Peroxisome proliferated activated receptor PPARGC1A: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha PGC1: Peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 PFK-2: Phosphofructokinase-2 PGI: Phosphoglucose isomerase PRPP: Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate PDGF: Platelet-derived growth factor PACOS: Pre-acetylated chitosan rapalogs: Rapamycin and its analogs ROS: Reactive oxygen species RAGEs: Receptors of AGEs SaIONPs: Salicylic acid-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles SASP: Senescence-associated secretory phenotype STAT: Signal transducer and activator of transcription SIRT1: Sirtuin 1 SKN-1: Skinhead-1 SGLT 1-2: Sodium-glucose cotransporters SPM: Spermine TGF-: Transforming growth factor beta TSC1: Tuberous sclerosis protein complex 1 T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus ULK1: Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase EZH2: Zeste homolog 2 References Abbas S, Wink M (2009) Epigallocatechin gallate from green tea ( Camellia sinensis ) increases lifespan and stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans
The predicted binding pose revealed that the compound establishes stabilizing interactions with a set of hydrophobic and aromatic residues lining the transmembrane binding cavity (Figure 4), including A200, L201, M204, L217, Y220, V229, and W297
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