Ratjen et al., 2015
The menaquinone, with the help of another enzyme, then transfers these two electrons to a suitable oxidant, such as fumarate or nitrate (also called an electron acceptor)
The peptides discussed are not licensed medicinal products and are not approved for human consumption or therapeutic use
Song E, Zhang C, Israelow B, Lu-Culligan A, Prado AV, Skriabine S, Lu P, Weizman OE, Liu F, Dai Y et al (2021) Neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2 in human and mouse brain
Glutathione for skin whitening is popular due to its ability to: Inhibit melanin synthesis , leading to a lighter and more even skin tone
In this specific cycle: 1 Hydrogen peroxide, a free radical and reactive oxygen species, is converted into water (harmless), and oxygen 2 Two molecules of reduced Glutathione [GSH (the active antioxidant form of glutathione)] are used by the Glutathione peroxidase enzyme to neutralize one molecule of hydrogen peroxide 3 NADPH is used by glutathione reductase enzyme to reduce ("recycle") glutathione disulfide back into usable reduced glutathione Key players: Selenium: Essential for the enzyme that initiates the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide Riboflavin (FAD - coenzyme form of riboflavin): essential for the enzyme that restores the oxidized Glutathione back to its more useful state
