The initial outcome of the mitochondrial respiratory chain is the generation of O 2 , which is formed at numerous mitochondrial locations, encompassing NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I), succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), ubiquinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex III), and mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase [15]
Identifying these early can be a crucial piece of the puzzle, and our How to Test Thyroid Antibodies: A Step-by-Step Guide explains the process in more detail
A review in the theme: Cell signaling: Proteins, pathways and mechanisms
Diabetologia 51 , 20882092 (2008)
It helps protect cells from damage by neutralizing harmful molecules, supports the immune system by aiding white blood cell function and helps detoxify the liver
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