Taken together, GLP-1 RAs exert pleiotropic effects across all 12 hallmarks of aging
But the musculoskeletal research provides a strong rationale for using BPC-157 in soft-tissue recovery protocols
First, the peptides ability to stimulate angiogenesis directly addresses the primary obstacle in fascial healing
Changes in actin polymerization status can affect focal adhesion signaling complexes, integrin-mediated signaling, and transcriptional responses that govern cellular movement and structural adaptation
QALY = quality-adjusted life year, ICER = incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, GLP-1 RAs = glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, BMI = body mass index, WTP = willingness-to-pay, ESG = endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty, NHS = National Health Service, MBS = metabolic/bariatric surgery
Costs vary depending on the clinic and number of sessions but typically range from 100 to 300 euros per session