It is assumed to be related to pain, sensitivity, and reflexes via the activation of enterochromaffin and enteroendocrine cells (Walther et al., 2003
Two studies reported a significant reduction in lower limb amputations (LLA) and diabetic foot ulcers, while one study found no significant difference in LLA compared to other diabetic therapies
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For oxidative stress, cultures in mold and yeast phases were grown for 72 h, and 2 mM H 2 O 2 was added for 15 min, 30 min, and 1 h with continuous shaking at 200 rpm
The peptide has been studied as a cytoprotective agent with research examining its effects on maintaining endothelium integrity
However, higher doses may be appropriate in the acute phase of stabilizing status epilepticus (as discussed above) or for individual patients with refractory seizures