GLP-1 stimulates insulin secretion when blood glucose levels are elevated, suppresses glucagon release (which normally raises blood sugar), slows gastric emptying, and reduces appetite through effects on the brain's satiety centres
Semaglutide often leads to weight loss in patients, which is a beneficial side effect for those with type 2 diabetes and obesity
J Hematol Oncol 13 , 64 (2020)
Tripeptide-Copper Complex GHK-Cu Stimulates Collagen Production and Elastin Repair in Cultured Human Dermal Fibroblasts
Cortisol is a stress hormone, and while a transient increase might not be problematic, sustained high levels can have metabolic consequences
The risk of lean mass loss during rapid weight reduction on tirzepatide is a particular concern for autoimmune patients who may already have muscle wasting from disease activity, corticosteroid use, or reduced physical activity during flares