As of mid-2026, no published human clinical trials exist for the compound
Furthermore, in rats that are subjected to cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) induced-AKI, early glomerular syndecan-1 loss is followed by the loss of hyaluronic acid 7 h after CLP is initiated, and this is accompanied by alterations in glomerular sialic acids and the molecular composition of the glomerular filtration barrier (95)
However, some studies have documented that it may behave as a pro-oxidizing agent [112]
If you switch the form and the symptoms go away, that tells you the issue wasn't the B12 itself or the level it was the specific form your body had trouble with
If vigorous shaking caused lasting cloudiness, it is safer to discard the vial
Up to 4 areas can be treated in a single session which lasts for about 25 minutes