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In addition, mitochondria-associated stress releases mtDNA from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm, which activates a variety of immune responses and induces ferroptosis [86]

H.ChenA.et al (2018)

Across hundreds of animal studies, serious adverse effects have not been commonly reported

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[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Yoon S, Baik JH (2013) Dopamine D2 receptor-mediated epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation through a disintegrin and metalloprotease regulates dopaminergic neuron development via extracellular signal-related kinase activation

Also, SCFA- and other metabolite-driven immune modulation, including histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition