Likely secondary to increased NAD+-dependent mitochondrial activity
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Elevated levels have been linked to conditions such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimers disease, and pulmonary disorders, reflecting their role in oxidative injury (Milne et al., 2005)
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Key mechanisms include the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), disruption of mitochondrial integrity and energy production [5,6], protein misfolding and proteostasis failure [7], intracellular calcium imbalance [8], excitotoxicity [9], neuroinflammatory signalling [10,11], and epigenetic remodeling [12,13]
These fields examine how specific nutrients and dietary patterns might impact gene expression and biological pathways involved in the condition, offering insights into potential personalized dietary interventions or preventive strategies (Otero BMC and Bernolo LF, 2023)