rkmd glutathione and Glutaredoxin—Key Players in Cellular Redox Homeostasis and Signaling Therapeutic Potential of Alpha-Lipoic Acid:

Della Torre S, Mitro N, Fontana R, et al

Furthermore, the inhibition of TGR by AF in cultured worms greatly reduced the GSH:GSSG ratio and resulted in rapid worm death

Metabolic plasticity of acute myeloid leukemia

It has a molecular weight of approximately 1419.53 Da and carries a net negative charge at physiological pH

If the ability to reduce GSSG to GSH is overwhelmed by a high burden of oxidative stress, GSSG can be exported out of cells or react with protein sulphydryl groups to prevent a major shift in the redox equilibrium [11], thereby depleting cellular GSH

In some embodiments, the formulation or composition has a viscosity between about 10 cP to about 1,000 cP