Vitamin C is an effective antioxidant (reducing agent), and scavenges free radicals before they can inflict physical damage (Pehlivan, 2017)
Beta-alanine is a non-essential amino acid that can be sourced from plant-based protein sources, while creatine can be obtained from vegan-friendly creatine monohydrate supplements.
L-carnitine improves mechanical responses of cardiomyocytes and restores Ca2+ homeostasis during aging
doi: 10.7150/thno.73650 8 SandsBEIrvingPMHoopsTIzanecJLGaoLLGasinkCet al
More specifically, they both appear to upregulate the production of growth hormone
[2] Iron supplements may cause a grayish-black stool that should be distinguished from melena, [3] as should black coloration caused by a number of medications, such as bismuth subsalicylate (the active ingredient in Pepto-Bismol), or by foods such as beetroot, black liquorice, or blueberries