AFFILIATION Harvard University, USA SUMMARY OF WINNING ENTRY Discovering the role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), paving the way to widely used treatments for diabetes and obesity and stimulating emerging applications for neurodegenerative diseases Professor Joel Francis Habener is a pioneering scientist in the field of endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity
Glucoraphanin belongs to the family of phytochemicals known as glucosinolates, which are well known for their anti-cancer effects
Furthermore, the lack of protein-level assessment of key apoptotic markers such as Bax and Bcl-2, as well as the absence of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio analysis, represent additional limitations that restrict mechanistic interpretation of apoptotic regulation
As a result, glutathione remains ineffective as it is not enough to fight off oxidative stress
Fewer Injection-Related Side Effects While all GLP-1 medications can cause gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and vomiting, oral medications may reduce the risk of injection-related issues, such as site reactions or discomfort
The question researchers have been asking for decades is simple but profound: can we modulate the immune system without suppressing it
