Changes in gut-brain axis hormone production may be attributed to alterations in nutrient delivery pathways (such as the bypass-induced rapid transport of nutrients), redirection of bile flow, and modifications in the gut microbiota
Another important limitation is the absence of gut microbiota analysis
Additionally, for an accurate diagnosis of BED, clinicians must rule out bulimia nervosa, ensuring patients do not regularly engage in inappropriate compensatory behaviors, such as self-induced vomiting and laxative or diuretic misuse, as seen in bulimia nervosa
Increases levels of Interleukin-2, Interleukin-12, and Interferon-gamma, cytokines, which are known to be crucial for the control of intracellular pathogens
It is involved in cellular energy metabolism and is sometimes included in weight-management formulas for its role in fatty acid transport
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