Kubo Y, Fukushima S, Inamori Y, Tsuruta M, Egashira S, Yamada-Kanazawa S, et al
Other groups who may benefit include: Patients following gastric surgery (gastrectomy, bariatric procedures) where intrinsic factor production or absorption sites are compromised Individuals with malabsorption disorders such as Crohn's disease, coeliac disease, or chronic pancreatitis Strict vegans and vegetarians with dietary insufficiency, though oral supplementation is usually tried first Elderly patients with atrophic gastritis or reduced gastric acid production Patients on long-term metformin or proton pump inhibitors, which can impair B12 absorption Individuals with nitrous oxide exposure (recreational or medical), which can cause functional B12 deficiency Diagnosis typically involves serum B12 measurement, with levels below approximately 148 pmol/L (though thresholds vary between laboratories) generally indicating deficiency
Patients may complain of a rough texture and an irregular cosmetic appearance of the skin
35 In China the frequency of G6PD deficiency in males ranges from 0% to 17.4%, with the highest prevalence being seen in ethnic groups geographically related to historical malaria
This stimulation is critical to long term healing & not just short-term pain management
mibavademab, a leptin receptor agonist (NCT06373146)
