Of these, 100 genes overlapped between treatments (Figure 1A)
They really can really trick you into thinking that a given compound is doing something when in fact, it's not doing anything different than would an injection of saline, of salt water
Overall, SIRT1 and AMPK occupy upstream positions in signaling cascades that mediate RES neuroprotective potential, while enzymes such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), monoamine oxidase (MAO), and transcription factors and neurotrophins such as BDNF, CREB, Nrf-2, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Forkhead box O (FOXO), NF-B, and others are downstream targets [43]
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Gill PA, van Zelm MC, Muir JG, Gibson PR
NHAs: normal human astrocytes