Preconditioning of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells by rapamycin increases cell migration and ameliorates liver ischaemia/reperfusion injury in mice via the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis
GLP-1 medications are prescription medications used to help treat obesity or excess weight when combined with lifestyle changes
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One series of studies suggested that succinate treatment improves glucose and insulin tolerance and elevates energy expenditure, but without affecting the food intake in mice fed with high-fat/high-sucrose and high-fat diet [103, 104]
(Aldholmi et al., 2019
However, in OA, M2 numbers are limited and may shift toward an M1-like phenotype under sustained inflammatory stimuli, reducing their capacity to maintain iron homeostasis (109, 110).Together, these insights support the hypothesis that iron metabolism in M1 macrophages not only contributes to ferroptosis susceptibility in OA, but also represents a potential immunometabolic checkpoint for therapeutic intervention
