Its pro-inflammatory secretome and complex roles in tissue remodeling align well with key features of the disease
Podas T, Nightingale JM, Oldham R, Roy S, Sheehan NJ, Mayberry JF
Factors like PTEN loss, activation of Wnt/-catenin signaling, and overexpression of proteins such as CBX2 and HE4 are frequently linked to enhancing the M2 phenotype and poorer clinical outcomes
Treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors, such as rivastigmine, may help with cognitive decline or hallucinations/delusions associated with advanced or later stages of PD [45]
Therefore, GSK-3 inhibits autophagy either directly or indirectly via attenuation of Rac1
Alpha-lipoic acid as a dietary supplement: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Biochim Biophys Acta