Scent wars: the chemobiology of competitive signalling in mice
Consistently with prior studies of L-carnitine administration in mice (Koeth et al., 2014), in our study, we observed that peripheral GBB, and to a lesser extent crotonobetaine, increased in mice after L-carnitine oral challenge but not TMAO
As of July 26, 2026, 21 CFR 216.23 lists six substances that can be used through this pathway: Brilliant Blue G, cantharidin for topical use only, diphenylcyclopropenone for topical use only, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine for topical use only, squaric acid dibutyl ester for topical use only, and thymol iodide for topical use only
Researchers have also reported cardiovascular benefits, with several studies showing reductions in heart attack and stroke risk among individuals using GLP-1 therapies
James van Geelen of Citrinitas Capital recently compared the obesity epidemic to the COVID crisis on Bloomberg's "Odd Lots" podcast and discussed how to make weight-loss drugs more readily available
Another study compared the effects of the glp-1 receptor agonist exenatide and metformin on endothelial function in obese individuals with pre-diabetes
