The injection of NAD+ may cause adverse reactions and side effects, such as headache, shortness of breath, constipation, increased plasma bilirubin, and decreased levels of gamma glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase (10,18)
Hayes M.R., Bradley L., Grill H.J
Peterson et al., 2023)
Impact of GLP-1 receptor agonists in gastrointestinal endoscopy: an updated review
Nature 439, 589593
Vitamin B12 and One-Carbon Metabolism Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential cofactor for several enzymes involved in one-carbon metabolism and energy-related pathways: Methionine Synthase: B12-dependent remethylation of homocysteine to methionine is central to the generation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a universal methyl donor used in DNA, protein, and phospholipid methylation