It is intended for research purposes only and is not approved for human consumption, diagnostic, or therapeutic use
Cell transfection The shVRK2-expressing and VRK2-overexpressing plasmids were purchased from Genechem (Shanghai, China) and then used for constitutive expression of shRNA or cDNAs
Vollure has been approved by the FDA for its safety and efficacy
Collagen and oral peptide supplements Collagen peptides are widely sold as supplements for skin, joint, and gut health
In some experiments, the cells were additionally treated with 5 ng/mL TGF1 (PeproTech Cranbury, NJ, USA) or 10 M SB431542 (Selleck chemicals, TX, USA)
Both of these supplements offer unique advantages, but how do they fare when taken together