This doesn't mean they're dangerous or ineffective, but it does mean: Limited clinical data: Without the trials required for approval, human data remains sparse
GIP has been shown to decrease food intake while blunting the metabolic adaptive responses that usually occur with calorie restriction resulting in weight reductions, and when combined with GLP-1 receptor agonism, may result in greater effects on markers of metabolic dysregulation such as body weight, glucose and lipids
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Topical treatments like creams and lotions can also help with skin whitening
What the Evidence Actually Supports Its worth being precise about the state of evidence, because the gap between preclinical research and proven human clinical outcomes is significant in this area: Strong preclinical evidence: Hundreds of cell culture and animal studies demonstrate GHK-Cus biological activity across multiple pathways Moderate clinical evidence for topical applications: Several controlled human trials support skin benefits of topical GHK-Cu formulations Limited human evidence for systemic effects: The more dramatic claims tissue regeneration, gene expression reset, anti-aging effects throughout the body are largely supported by in vitro and animal data without the controlled human trials required to confirm efficacy and safety The scientific communitys interest in GHK-Cu is well-founded
Peptibodies: an elegant solution for a long-standing problem
