TRP undergoes oxidation by the rate-limiting enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO, found in various organs, including nerve cells) or tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO, present in the liver), leading to the formation of kynurenine (KYN), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), and other products, ultimately resulting in quinolinic acid (QUIN) ( Figure 1 Serotonin (SER, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a neurotransmitter synthesized in small amounts from TRP in the brain and approximately 90% in the gastrointestinal tract ( Figure 1 )
The recommended intake is 1.2 to 1.6 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight daily
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