For example: Low stomach acid: As we age or due to conditions like acid reflux, the bodys ability to absorb B12 from food or oral supplements diminishes
The diagnostic process typically involves: Clinical history taking, focusing on symptoms (fatigue, neurological changes, dietary habits) Physical examination for signs of anaemia or neurological impairment Blood tests including full blood count, serum B12, and often folate levels Additional investigations such as intrinsic factor antibodies or parietal cell antibodies if pernicious anaemia is suspected For borderline results, additional tests like holotranscobalamin (active B12) may be considered NICE guidance recommends that treatment should commence based on clinical presentation if neurological symptoms are present, without waiting for laboratory confirmation, as delays can result in irreversible nerve damage
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Often, a deficiency happens because your body is unable to absorb vitamin B12 from food
A balanced diet and exercise remain the cornerstones of effective weight management
