If your protocol calls for 5mg daily and your concentration is 25mg/mL, the volume is 5 25 = 0.2mL
For some, the side effects may outweigh the benefits
1000s of regulations
Probiotics play a crucial role in modulating prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), an anti-inflammatory prostanoid that inhibits the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1 and TNF-, by macrophages (174)
Kagan VE, Mao G, Qu F, Angeli JP, Doll S, Croix CS, Dar HH, Liu B, Tyurin VA, Ritov VB, Kapralov AA, Amoscato AA, Jiang J, Anthonymuthu T, Mohammadyani D, Yang Q, Proneth B, Klein-Seetharaman J, Watkins S, Bahar I, Greenberger J, Mallampalli RK, Stockwell BR, Tyurina YY, Conrad M, Bayr H (2017) Oxidized arachidonic and adrenic PEs navigate cells to ferroptosis
This again highlights the ileum as a site of uptake and as an important site of action of metformin in lowering blood glucose