In vivo, cytochrome b5 acts as the intermediate electron carrier
This hormonal cascade works as follows: The hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) GnRH signals the anterior pituitary to release luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) LH stimulates the Leydig cells to produce testosterone Rising testosterone feeds back to the hypothalamus and pituitary to regulate production (negative feedback loop) Testosterone is responsible for: Muscle protein synthesis and lean body mass maintenance Bone mineral density Red blood cell production Libido and sexual function Energy, mood, and cognitive function Fat distribution and metabolic health Normal total testosterone in adult men ranges from approximately 300 to 1,000 ng/dL, with levels declining by roughly 1 to 2 percent per year after age 30 (Harman et al., 2001)
Cu : +2...+8C
Men typically carry higher proportions of visceral fat compared to women, making interventions that specifically target this depot particularly valuable for male metabolic health
This is especially important during endurance events as you can easily become fatigued when your body, especially muscles, does not have enough oxygen
On the other hand, free phenolics are digestible in the small intestine while bound phenolic compounds are not absorbed (in the small intestine) and reached in the large intestine where they pass the fermentation process (by colon microbiota) and liberate bound phenolic compounds
