Unlike existing SGLT2 inhibitors, which solely reduce blood glucose levels by blocking the reabsorption of glucose in the renal tubules, celastrol can exert its effects through multiple pathways, such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-fibrosis, and the regulation of ferroptosis and lipid metabolism
Ladwig, P
Caution is advised if patients are above 70 years of age
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Glutathione coated spherical AuNPs (G-AuNPs) have been extensively investigated as drug delivery system because of their low affinity to serum proteins 20 : they are photoluminescent and exhibit size independent emission at 600 nm and 800 nm when excited at 396 nm and 350 nm, respectively
However, it requires daily injection, is expensive, and carries a boxed warning regarding long-term use